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What are Medicare Parts A and B (Original Medicare)?

Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people 65 years or older and for certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). You are automatically enrolled in Medicare hospital insurance (Part A) when you apply for Social Security benefits – usually upon reaching 65 years of age. Part A covers inpatient care in a hospital or a skilled nursing facility, and hospice. Part A also covers services like lab tests, surgery, doctor visits and home health care. Part B covers physician and other health care providers’ services, outpatient care, durable medical equipment and some preventive services.

Medicare pays for many healthcare services and supplies, but it doesn’t cover all of your healthcare costs. For example, you pay a deductible for each hospital stay and coinsurance anytime you use the services of a physician or surgeon. Also, drug coverage is limited. Because Medicare rarely pays the full cost of covered services, you may want to consider a Medicare Advantage or Medicare Supplement insurance plan

A Medicare Advantage health plan, sometimes called Part C or MA Plan, is an alternative to Medicare Parts A and B. Medicare Advantage plans are offered by private companies approved by Medicare and provide all of your Medicare Part A and Part B coverage. These plans offer emergency and urgent care, limits on out-of-pocket expenses and some offer extra benefits such as dental, vision, hearing and/or health and wellness programs. Most MA plans offer prescription drug coverage. The most common types of Medicare Advantage plans include:

  • Medicare Health Maintenance Organization plans (HMO
  • Medicare Preferred Provider Organization plans (PPO)
  • Medicare Private Fee-for-Service plans (PFFS)

A Medicare Advantage HMO plan features specific lists of doctors, hospitals, and other providers that you must use to receive benefits. HMOs often provide additional benefits not found in Medicare, including coverage for deductibles, a drug benefit plan, and wellness or fitness programs. If you select Medicare Advantage HMO, it is an alternative to your Medicare coverage. Out-of-pocket costs are typically lower than PPO plans.

With Medicare Advantage PPO, you can see any doctor you want. However, if you choose a doctor who participates in the network, you may have a lower cost than if you visit a non-network doctor. Plus, referrals aren’t needed, and you don’t have to see a primary care physician first. In addition to prescription drug benefits, Medicare Advantage PPOs may offer other benefits such as dental, vision, and wellness programs. If you select a Medicare Advantage PPO, it is an alternative to your Medicare coverage.

 

A Medicare PFFS Plan is a type of Medicare Advantage Plan offered by a private insurance company. The plan determines how much it will pay doctors, other health care providers, and hospitals, and how much you must pay when you get care. Plans feature limits on out-of-pocket expenses, coverage for emergency and urgent care, and in some cases, a prescription drug benefit. If you select a PFFS plan, it is an alternative to your Medicare coverage. You can go to any Medicare-approved doctor, other health care provider or hospital that accepts the plan’s payment terms and agrees to treat you.

A Medicare Prescription Drug Plan (sometimes called PDP) adds drug coverage to Original Medicare and some Medicare Cost Plans, some Medicare Private Fee-for Service (PFFS) Plans, and Medicare Medical Account (MSA) Plans. Each Medicare Prescription Drug Plan has its own list of covered drugs (called a formulary). Many Medicare drug plans place drugs into different “tiers” on their formularies. Drugs in each tier have a different cost. Medicare prescription drug coverage provides protection for people who have very high drug costs or from unexpected prescription drug bills in the future.

A Medicare Supplement Insurance plan (Medigap) can help cover some of the costs that are left unpaid after Medicare Parts A and B pay their portion of your healthcare expenses. Unlike a Medicare Advantage plan, which is an alternative to your Medicare Part A and B benefits, a Medicare Supplement Insurance plan is purchased in addition to your Medicare Part A and B benefits.

Medicare Supplement policies are standardized into 10 plans – labeled “A” through “N”, each with its own set of benefits. All policies offer the same basic benefits but some offer additional benefits.

Medicare Supplement Insurance policies are sold by private insurance companies. While the costs of these policies may vary, individual insurance companies must provide the same standardized benefits. Some companies may offer additional benefits. To purchase a policy, in general you must be enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B. In addition to paying the monthly Medicare Part B premium, you will have to pay a premium to the insurance company providing your Medicare Supplement coverage.

Look at the “Is Entitled To” section of your red, white, and blue Medicare card. If you have Part A, “HOSPITAL (PART A)” is printed on your card. If you have Part B, “MEDICAL (PART B)” is printed on your card.

Medicare Parts A and B (managed by the government)

Medicare Advantage Plans (sponsored by the government and offered by private insurance companies)

Benefits

  • Part A – Inpatient hospital
  • Part B – Doctors’ services
  • Medicare Advantage – Inpatient hospital and provider services, plus additional benefits such as vision and dental

Premium

  • Part A – Most people will not pay a premium. If you buy Part A, you’ll pay up to $426 each month (reduced to $407 in 2015).
  • Part B – Most people pay the premium of $104.90 each month (this amount won’t change in 2015) and $147 per year for your Part B deductible (this amount won’t change in 2015).
  • Medicare Advantage Plans – Monthly plan premium varies by plan and geographic area. Some plans have no additional monthly premium.

Types of plans

  • Original Medicare – Fee-for-service
  • Medicare Advantage Plans – Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Private Fee for Service (PFFS), and Special Needs Plans (SNPs)

Billing procedures

  • Provider bills Medicare first, insurance second
  • Simplified administration – in most cases, provider bills only the Medicare Advantage insurance company

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
7500 Security Blvd.
Baltimore, MD 21244-1850
1-800-633-4227
TTY 1-877-486-2048
24 hours a day; seven days a week
www.medicare.gov

Social Security Administration
Office of Public Inquires
Windsor Park Blvd.
6401 Security Blvd.
Baltimore, MD 21235
1-800-772-1213
TTY 1-800-325-0778
7 a.m. – 7 p.m.
www.ssa.gov

The Medicare Modernization Act – or “MMA” – introduced the most sweeping changes to Medicare since the program was first signed into law in 1965. The full name of the Act is Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.

The changes went into effect January 1, 2006, providing you more choices in Medicare coverage – including prescription drug benefits. At its core, the Medicare Modernization Act extends prescription drug coverage to everyone who has Medicare. This prescription drug benefit is known as “Medicare Part D.”

There are four parts to Medicare:

Medicare Part A is hospital insurance – including hospital stays, rehabilitative nursing facilities, home healthcare, and hospice. Most people don’t have to pay a premium for Part A because it was prepaid through their payroll tax while they were working.

Medicare Part B is medical insurance – including doctors’ services and outpatient care. There is a monthly premium for Part B. If you don’t sign up for Part B when you first become eligible at age 65 or when you have been disabled for two years and you decide you need to join in the future, you may have to pay a penalty for each year you didn’t belong.

Medicare Part C is the Medicare Advantage Plan. With this option, you can opt to have your Medicare Parts A and B provided by a private insurance company.

Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage. In one way, Part D is like Part B: If you don’t join at age 65, you may have to pay a penalty when you do join.

Medicare covers hospital costs under Part A and medical costs like doctor’s office visits under Part B. Medicare Part D provides benefits for prescription drugs obtained at a pharmacy – a growing part of many peoples’ healthcare budgets.

Prescription drug plan coverage differs from Medicare in two ways: (1) It is available only through private insurance companies and (2) you should use in-network pharmacies to take full advantage of your coverage.

Medicare is federal health insurance for anyone age 65 and older, and some people under 65 with certain disabilities or conditions. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that gives health coverage to some people with limited income and resources.
Generally, we advise people to sign up for Medicare when they’re first eligible to avoid a gap in coverage and/or late enrollment penalties. For most people, Medicare eligibility starts three months before turning 65 and ends three months after turning 65. Some people get Medicare automatically.

A Medicare Advantage health plan, sometimes called Part C or MA Plan, is an alternative to Medicare Parts A and B. Medicare Advantage plans are offered by private companies approved by Medicare and provide all of your Medicare Part A and Part B coverage. These plans offer emergency and urgent care, limits on out-of-pocket expenses and some offer extra benefits such as dental, vision, hearing and/or health and wellness programs. Most MA plans offer prescription drug coverage. The most common types of Medicare Advantage plans include:

  • Medicare Health Maintenance Organization plans (HMO)
  • Medicare Preferred Provider Organization plans (PPO)
  • Medicare Private Fee-for-Service plans (PFFS)
Medicaid is a federal and state program that provides health care coverage to people who qualify. Each state runs its own Medicaid program, but the federal government has rules that all states must follow. The federal government also provides at least half of the funding for their Medicaid requirements.

When you apply for Medicaid, you’ll need to fill out an application form. Different states have different requirements for Medicaid. You’ll likely need to have various documents, such as:

Personal information

  • Information about household members (name, date of birth and Social Security number)
  • Proof of citizenship

Financial information

  • Rent or mortgage information
  • Expenses (utilities, daycare, etc.)
  • Vehicle information
  • Bank statements
  • Income (pay stubs)

Medical information

  • Proof of disability or medical records showing a lasting medical condition
  • Recent medical bills

At any stage in life, finding the right health insurance plan for you — and your family — is important. If you’re looking for individual and family plans and you’re under 65, there are many options to consider, depending on your situation.

For most health insurance plans, you can choose a plan or make changes to a plan you already have during open enrollment. That’s the most common time to get a health insurance plan. However, you can get certain plans like short term insurance or Medicaid at any time during the year.

When you’ve chosen the plan you want, you can enroll. The details of how to enroll will depend on the type of plan. You’ll usually give information about yourself, and other family members covered under your plan. You’ll also review the costs and benefits you’ve chosen.

Every health plan is different. Be sure to check your coverage to understand what services are covered under your specific plan.

If you already have a plan, you can call the number on your member ID card or sign in to your health plan account and go to Benefits & Coverage to review what’s covered under your plan.

If you’re shopping for a plan, review the benefits before you decide to enroll. Keep in mind, many plans may focus on health and wellness. Some plans may cover:

  • Preventive services (when delivered by a doctor or provider in network)
  • Pre-existing conditions
  • Mental and behavioral health services
  • Prescription drugs
  • Some medical devices (like breast pumps)
  • Maternity care
  • Some costs of cancer treatment

Your health plan documents are a good place to look to learn about your coverage details.

A dental insurance plan works like a health insurance plan. You’ll pay a monthly amount to buy the plan (your premium). Most plans have a deductible, which is the amount you pay for covered services before your plan starts paying. Once you’ve met your deductible, you’ll usually pay for a percentage of covered services (coinsurance) or a fixed amount (copay). Your insurance plan typically pays for the rest, up to an annual maximum amount. A waiting period may apply for some services.

Most dental plans include coverage for preventive care like routine exams, cleanings and X-rays. Some plans require a copay for preventive services, while others cover those services 100%. Many dental plans also include coverage for basic services like fillings and extractions, and major services like root canals, crowns and more.

Vision insurance plans offer coverage for eye care that’s often not covered by a health insurance plan. So, when you choose a vision plan, you’ll pay a premium to have coverage for routine eye exams to check your vision health, as well as prescription eyewear benefits.

Life insurance is a type of contract in which you make regular payments to an insurance company. In return, when you die, the company pays a sum of money to your chosen beneficiaries. It provides financial security for your loved ones by covering expenses like income replacement, debt repayment, and funeral costs.

Term life insurance pays designated beneficiaries a lump sum if you die within the selected policy term. If you choose to add a Critical Illness Benefit to your policy and are diagnosed with a qualifying illness, you’ll receive a cash benefit according to the terms of your policy.

The money is paid to you and can be used as you wish. The benefit amount received from the Critical Illness Benefit will be subtracted from your term life insurance policy benefit.

ACA Marketplace plans are health care plans that people can buy on their own, rather than through an employer or another government-run program, like Medicare or Medicaid. You might also hear these plans called Exchange plans or Individual & Family plans. The health care Marketplace (also called the Exchange) is where ACA health care plans are sold.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
7500 Security Blvd.
Baltimore, MD 21244-1850
1-800-633-4227
TTY 1-877-486-2048
24 hours a day; seven days a week
www.medicare.gov

Social Security Administration
Office of Public Inquires
Windsor Park Blvd.
6401 Security Blvd.
Baltimore, MD 21235
1-800-772-1213
TTY 1-800-325-0778
7 a.m. – 7 p.m.
www.ssa.gov

The Medicare Modernization Act – or “MMA” – introduced the most sweeping changes to Medicare since the program was first signed into law in 1965. The full name of the Act is Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.

The changes went into effect January 1, 2006, providing you more choices in Medicare coverage – including prescription drug benefits. At its core, the Medicare Modernization Act extends prescription drug coverage to everyone who has Medicare. This prescription drug benefit is known as “Medicare Part D.”

There are four parts to Medicare:

Medicare Part A is hospital insurance – including hospital stays, rehabilitative nursing facilities, home healthcare, and hospice. Most people don’t have to pay a premium for Part A because it was prepaid through their payroll tax while they were working.

Medicare Part B is medical insurance – including doctors’ services and outpatient care. There is a monthly premium for Part B. If you don’t sign up for Part B when you first become eligible at age 65 or when you have been disabled for two years and you decide you need to join in the future, you may have to pay a penalty for each year you didn’t belong.

Medicare Part C is the Medicare Advantage Plan. With this option, you can opt to have your Medicare Parts A and B provided by a private insurance company.

Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage. In one way, Part D is like Part B: If you don’t join at age 65, you may have to pay a penalty when you do join.

Medicare covers hospital costs under Part A and medical costs like doctor’s office visits under Part B. Medicare Part D provides benefits for prescription drugs obtained at a pharmacy – a growing part of many peoples’ healthcare budgets.

Prescription drug plan coverage differs from Medicare in two ways: (1) It is available only through private insurance companies and (2) you should use in-network pharmacies to take full advantage of your coverage.